Preventive Care in Nursing & Midwifery Journal
Volume:8 Issue: 4, Winter 2019

Changes of body image following breast cancer is one of the factors affecting the quality of life of women with this disease.

Thus, the factors affecting the body image need to be identified to improve their quality of life. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the body image in Iranian women diagnosed with breast cancer.

In this cross-sectional study, 200 breast cancer women were participated using convenience sampling method during April to January, 2018. The data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and body image questionnaires after breast cancer (BIBCQ). The data were analyzed using Univariate and Multivariate linear regression in SPSS25 at a significance level of 0.05.

The mean age of participants was 48.43 (SD=10.53). The results showed that the variables such as type of treatment (p=0.002), physical health (β=-0.49, p<0.001), economic status (β=-0.62, p<0.001), and quality of life (β=-0.41, p=0.003) had the predictability potential of the body image in those under mastectomy. Educational level (β= 0.22, p=0.02) and physical health (β=-0.25, p=0.01) factors could predict body image in people with no mastectomy.

The results of the study indicated that the improvement of the economic status has a positive effect on the body image of breast cancer. In addition, this factor can improve the quality of life in women who survive breast cancer.

Thalassemia is one of the main chronic hereditary diseases characterized by severe symptoms of anemia. Also, it has negative effects on patients’ mental health. However, few researches have studied the different psychiatric aspects of this disease and the psychological and social needs of thalassemic patients.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of stress management and resilience training on psychological well-being of thalassemic patients in Kerman.

This research was a quasi-experimental study using pre-test and post-test model with control group. A sample of 30 patients with thalassemia major, who referred to the Samen al-Hojaj Charity Foundation, was selected through convenience sampling and randomly divided into experimental and control groups (each group included 15 patients). After completing the pre-test, the experimental group received 10 sessions of stress management training. The instrument of the study was Reef Psychological Well-being Questionnaire (RPWB). Data were analyzed by SPSS software using covariance analysis.

The results indicated that resilience and stress management training have positive effects on psychological well-being and its subscales including self-acceptance, positive relationship with others, autonomy, personal development and purposeful life of thalassemia major patients (p<0.05), yet it is not effective on environmental control (p>0.05).

According to the results, regarding the effectiveness of resilience and stress management on the psychological well-being of thalassemic patients, the present study could introduce effective solution for development of psychological well-being and improvement of overall mental health of patients with thalassemia major.

Hypothermia is likely to cause enormous dangers for patients undergoing cesarean section.

This study aims to comparison between the effect of using two different temperatures of IV fluids (37.5°C versus 21-22°C) in body temperature drop and the post-operative pain.

This experimental study was double-blind clinical trial, conducted in 2017 (April, 2017 to January, 2018). The method of sampling was simple random sampling. The randomly selected mothers, undergoing cesarean section, were assigned into two groups of equal number (the hexagonal blocks of A and B) in this clinical trial. The experimental and control group participants received IV fluid at the operation room temperature (25°C) and the IV fluid of 37.5°C, respectively. The core intraoperative body temperature was measured by Microlife Infrared Tympanic-IR100 thermometer. Severity of the experimental and control group patients’ post-operative pain was also measured and compared for 24 hours (since when the patients were discharged from the recovery ward) by the VAS (0-10).

A total of 80 patients underwent this study. The demographic information of the two group members showed no difference of significance (p>0.05). The average intraoperative body temperature of the experimental group participants was higher in the level (p=0.001) of significance than that of the control group members. There was no difference of significance (p=0.41) between the mean severity of pain of both groups’ participants in the first 24 hours.

The intraoperative IV fluid warming seems not to have any tranquilizing effect in the post-surgery pain.

Substance abuse as a major social and medical problem can be job-dependent.

Among various occupations, medical personnel have greater access to narcotic drugs, leading to mood, behavior, and occupational disorders and ultimately death due to lack of control.

The present study reported a death of medical personnel with migraines owing to colleagues' inattention to substance abuse.

The case was a 44-year-old man with 24 years of clinical experience, good social relationship, no symptoms of psychiatric disorder, an expert in the field of anesthesiology, and a popular manager among hospital colleagues. Diagnosed with migraine headaches one year ago, he worked for several treatment centers. According to some reports, he showed ataxia in some cases due to the exacerbated headache. Additionally, ataxia and drowsiness after a headache attack were not considered the cause of drug abuse so that they were always attributed to the disease. Eventually, in a shift, he had a respiratory failure and then died of the overdose or non-control of fentanyl abuse.

Medical personnel with migraine are at high risk of substance abuse in therapeutic settings. Therefore, it is suggested that periodic and intangible examinations be conducted for medical personnel, especially those with migraines in the field of substance abuse, and preventive counseling be provided.

Postpartum is considered as one of the most vulnerable and stressful periods for women. Changes in physical appearance after pregnancy and childbirth could result in attitudinal changes of women towards their body and subsequently disorders in women’s sexual behavior.

Regarding the effect of pregnancy and childbirth on sexual function and the body image of women, this study aims to assess the effect of body image satisfaction on sexual function of Iranian women referring to Health Care Center of Zanjan city after child birth.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 420 mothers who had referred to health care centers affiliated to Zanjan University of Medical Sciences between 2018-19. A checklist including questions about demographic and reproductive information, Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and the Multidimensional Body–Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ) were filled up for all of the participants. The data were analyzed by SPSS 16 software through using the Pearson correlation coefficient.

A positive relationship was observed between body image satisfaction and sexual function (SF) of women (r=0.23, p<0.001). The participating women’s BMI (r=0.27, p<0.001), marriage duration (r=0.11, p<0.05) and their age (r=0.28, p<0.001) were associated with their body image satisfaction. The levels of body image satisfaction showed significant difference between women with and without sexual dysfunction (p=0.008).

Women experience changes in SF and body image during the postpartum period. Changes in women’s SF can leave negative impact on women’s family relationship. Therefore, in that period, women need breastfeeding and nutritional support as well as psychosocial support with regards to their body image. As a strategy, health care providers are recommended to pay more attention to women’s mental and sexual issues while offering postpartum routine checks.

Physical and psychological problems and stressors sometimes impair the human adaptation and lead to maladaptive behaviors that may interfere with pregnancy acceptance and fetal communication. On the other hand, a parent's attachment style plays a role in the creation of child insecure attachment style and an irreplaceable context for emotional and social development. It continues until the adulthood and affects the individual ability in various contexts as a defective cycle.

Therefore, the present study was designed and conducted to determine the rate of pregnancy adaptation and its association with maternal attachment styles in both wanted and unwanted pregnancies.

The study was a descriptive and comparative research on 178 pregnant women who visited health centers of Zanjan, Iran in 2017. The data collection tool included the demographic data checklist, Adult Attachment Scale (AAS) by Hazen & Shaver, and the prenatal self-evaluation questionnaire (PESQ) by Lederman for measuring the pregnancy adaptation, and it was completed by the self-report. Data were analyzed using chi-square, Mann-Whitney, independent t, Spearman, and linear regression tests via SPSS 16.

The median (interquartile range (IQR)) of the total score of pregnancy adaptation in the wanted pregnancy group 118 (13.5) was lower than the unwanted pregnancy group 244 (33.5), indicating better adaptation in the wanted pregnancy group. Secure attachment style was significantly higher in the wanted pregnancy groups than the unwanted pregnancy group (p˂0.001). In the unwanted pregnancy group, there was an inverse relationship between secure attachment style and pregnancy self-assessment score (r=-0.335 and p=0.001) (A more secure attachment style and lower self-evaluation score indicate higher pregnancy adaptation); and a positive relationship between avoidant attachment style and prenatal self-evaluation score (r=0.248 and p=0.019).

Since the increase in secure attachment style was associated with a decrease in prenatal self-evaluation score, or in other words, was associated with an increase in adaptation with pregnancy, education and counseling for improving secure attachment styles is suggested to reduce adverse consequences of unwanted pregnancy and improve the children's psychological health.

Euthanasia has been the most controversial topic for more than 3,000 years and is among important issues in medical ethics in today’s world, having something to do with the value system of human life.

The aim of this study was conducted in Nasibeh Nursing and Midwifery Faculty of the city of Sari in 2016 to investigate attitudes of the senior students of nursing and midwifery towards euthanasia.

This descriptive study involved 200 senior college nursing and midwifery students (119 nursing and 81 midwifery students) of Nasibeh Nursing and Midwifery Faculty in the city of Sari, who participated on census sampling. The attitude of nurses and midwives was investigated through the Euthanasia Attitude Scale (EAS). To analyze the data, the distribution values, mean and SD were gained through descriptive statistics. To assess significant relationship between attitude to euthanasia and the integrated variables and the classified variables, Pearson linear correlation and Chi Square tests were used, respectively. Significant difference was considered with the P value less than 0.05.

Mean total score of attitudes towards euthanasia was 58.43±12.80 and on the whole, 19.5% of the students had negative attitude, 69.5% had neutral attitude and 11% had positive attitude towards euthanasia. There was no significant relationship between the scores of the nursing and midwifery students’ attitude towards euthanasia and only the gender variable had significant relationship with scores of different classes of attitude towards euthanasia (p<0.05). Compared to the female students, male students were more positive towards euthanasia. Furthermore, reversed significant relationship was observed between age and the score of attitudes towards euthanasia (p<0.05).

There are many factors that can affect attitude of individuals on euthanasia. Results of presence student showed that though majority of the participants were neutral towards euthanasia, such factors as age and sex of individuals were among variables related to attitude towards euthanasia

Contraceptive side effects have been recognized as the most important reasons accounting for discontinuation of the methods.

The present study attempts to identify the probable side effects that negatively affect sexual satisfaction and depression in Intra Uterine Device (IUD) and Depo-Medroxyprogestrone Acetate (DMPA) users.

150 IUD users and 150 DMPA users who had started the respective contraceptive method since the past 12-18 months participated in a cross-sectional study conducted in 34 health centers from August 2017 to January 2018, in Tehran, Iran. Index of Sexual Satisfaction and Patient Health Questionnaire were used for assessing sexual satisfaction and depression in the participants, respectively.

Chi-square and independent t-test showed no significant difference between demographic characteristic in the two groups (P>0.05). The linear logistic regression analysis showed that no variables affect sexual satisfaction in IUD users, while depression (P=0.01, B=1.12) and dysmenorrhea (P=0.05, B=2.06) were meaningful factors accounting for sexual satisfaction in DMPA users. Influential factors on depression were dysmenorrhea (P= 0.005, B=0.41) in IUD users, and sexual satisfaction (P= 0.005, B=0.05) and weight gain (P=0.029, B=0.31) in DMPA users. Pearson test showed a significant correlation between sexual satisfaction and depression (P=0.05, Pearson correlation=0.11).

This study helps clinicians to improve sexual satisfaction and mood levels in IUD and DMPA users by manipulating some influential factors. With regard to the correlation between sexual satisfaction and depression, health providers should pay greater attention to these clients’ sexual life when they complain of depression, and vice versa